Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound by 

(i)  Dumas method     

(ii)  Kjeldahl’s method. 

Which of the two : O₂NCH₂CH₂O–  or CH₃CH₂O– is expected to be more stable and why ? 

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds : 

Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens ? 

Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit.

(a) CH₃CH₂Br + HS⁻ → CH₃CH₂SH + Br⁻

(b) (CH₃)₂C = CH₂ + HCl → (CH₃)₂CCl—CH₃

(c) CH₃CH₂Br + HO⁻ → CH₂ = CH₂ + H₂O + Br⁻

(d) (CH₃)₃C — CH₂OH + HBr → (CH₃)₂CBrCH₂CH₃ + H₂O

Name a suitable technique of separation of the components from a mixture of calcium sulphate and camphor.

Write bond-line formulas for : Isopropyl alcohol, 2, 3- Dimethylbutanal, Heptan-4-one

Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved- arrow notation. .

(a) C₆H₅NO₂ 

(b) CH₃CH = CHCHO

(c) C₆H₅—CHO 

(d) CH₃CH = C⁺H CH₂

What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?

CH₂ = C = O, CHCH = CH, (CH₃)₂CO, CH₂ = CHCN, C₆H₆.

Indicate the s-and p-bonds in the following molecules

C₆H₆, C₆H₁₂, CH₂Cl₂, CH₂ = C = CH₂, CH₃NO₂, HCONHCH₃