Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound by 

(i)  Dumas method     

(ii)  Kjeldahl’s method. 

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds : 

What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?

CH₂ = C = O, CHCH = CH, (CH₃)₂CO, CH₂ = CHCN, C₆H₆.

Which of the two : O₂NCH₂CH₂O–  or CH₃CH₂O– is expected to be more stable and why ? 

Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens ? 

Write bond-line formulas for : Isopropyl alcohol, 2, 3- Dimethylbutanal, Heptan-4-one

Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit.

(a) CH₃CH₂Br + HS⁻ → CH₃CH₂SH + Br⁻

(b) (CH₃)₂C = CH₂ + HCl → (CH₃)₂CCl—CH₃

(c) CH₃CH₂Br + HO⁻ → CH₂ = CH₂ + H₂O + Br⁻

(d) (CH₃)₃C — CH₂OH + HBr → (CH₃)₂CBrCH₂CH₃ + H₂O

Indicate the s-and p-bonds in the following molecules

C₆H₆, C₆H₁₂, CH₂Cl₂, CH₂ = C = CH₂, CH₃NO₂, HCONHCH₃ 

Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved- arrow notation. .

(a) C₆H₅NO₂ 

(b) CH₃CH = CHCHO

(c) C₆H₅—CHO 

(d) CH₃CH = C⁺H CH₂

Name a suitable technique of separation of the components from a mixture of calcium sulphate and camphor.