What were the key developments during the 11th and 12th centuries that influenced trade?

The 11th and 12th centuries saw significant advancements in trade due to the growth of towns, the establishment of trade routes, and the rise of merchant classes. The expansion of maritime trade, particularly in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, facilitated the exchange of goods such as spices, textiles, and precious metals. Additionally, the development of banking systems and credit helped to enhance trade efficiency.