What is a test cross? Give examples.
A test cross is the crossing of an individual showing a dominant trait with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype of the dominant individual.
Example:
T_ × tt
If all offspring are tall, the parent is TT.
If offspring are tall and dwarf in a 1:1 ratio, the parent is Tt.
Quick Fact: Test crosses were widely used by Mendel to identify hidden recessive alleles.