What factors led to the growth of mahajanapadas in the Ganga plains?

The Ganga plains had fertile soil, which supported farming and fed large populations.

• Nearby mountains provided iron ore to make tools and weapons.
• Trade networks developed along rivers and roads, connecting different regions.
• These factors supported stronger economies and armies.
• As a result, many janapadas merged into powerful mahajanapadas.

The plains became a center of India’s Second Urbanisation.