What conservation strategies are adopted in India?

India adopts a combination of in situ and ex situ conservation strategies to protect biodiversity. In situ conservation includes the establishment of protected areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves to conserve species in their natural habitats. Ex situ conservation involves measures like zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, and gene banks to preserve species outside their natural environments. Legal frameworks such as the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 regulate conservation efforts. Programs like Project Tiger and Project Elephant focus on species specific protection. Additionally, community participation, afforestation, habitat restoration, and awareness campaigns are key strategies used to promote sustainable conservation.