What are the main elements found on Earth?

Earth’s composition is dominated by a small group of elements, especially when we focus on the crust, where life exists and most human activity takes place.

The eight most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust are:

• Oxygen (O) - 46%
• Silicon (Si) - 28%
• Aluminium (Al)
• Iron (Fe)
• Calcium (Ca)
• Sodium (Na)
• Potassium (K)
• Magnesium (Mg)

Oxygen and silicon alone form the majority, mainly in the form of silicate minerals, which are the building blocks of rocks.

If we shift focus deeper into the planet:

• The core is largely made of iron and nickel
• The mantle contains iron, magnesium, and silicate compounds

So, while the surface is rich in lighter elements, the interior is dominated by heavier metals.

Applied understanding: These elements are not just theoretical - they are directly linked to natural resources, soil fertility, rock formation, and even industrial materials used in daily life.