What are biodegradable materials?

Biodegradable materials are substances that can be naturally broken down into simpler, harmless components by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. These materials decompose through biological processes and return nutrients to the environment.

They are usually derived from natural sources like plants and animals, which makes them easier for microorganisms to act upon. During decomposition, these materials are converted into substances like water, carbon dioxide, and organic nutrients that enrich the soil.

Common examples of biodegradable materials include food waste, paper, wood, leaves, cotton, and animal waste. These materials decompose relatively quickly compared to synthetic substances.

Biodegradable materials are important for sustainable waste management because they reduce environmental pollution and support the natural recycling of nutrients.