How do desert plants adapt to survive with limited water?

Desert plants adapt to survive with limited water by developing special features that reduce water loss and help them store or collect water efficiently. These adaptations allow them to live in hot and dry conditions.

Many desert plants, such as cactus, have thick fleshy stems that store water and leaves modified into spines to reduce water loss through evaporation. Some desert plants also have deep or widespread root systems that help absorb water from the soil. A waxy coating on plant surfaces can further reduce water loss.

These structural adaptations help desert plants maintain their water supply and survive in environments where rainfall is very low.