Farmers face numerous challenges in ensuring food security, especially in regions prone to extreme weather. These include: 1) Droughts: Leading to crop failure due to insufficient water. 2) Floods: Destroying standing crops and washing away topsoil. 3) Extreme temperatures: Heatwaves or unexpected frosts can damage sensitive crops. 4) Pest outbreaks: Extreme weather can sometimes trigger or worsen pest infestations. 5) Soil degradation: Erosion from heavy rains or desertification from prolonged drought. These unpredictable conditions make planning difficult, reduce yields, increase financial risk, and can lead to food shortages, impacting livelihoods and regional food security.