Describe the role of a raja according to the Shānti Parva of the Mahābhārata.

In the Shānti Parva of the Mahābhārata, the role of a raja (king) is profoundly outlined through the teachings of Bhīṣma to Yudhiṣṭhira. Key aspects of a raja's responsibilities include:

• The raja must prioritise the welfare of his people above all else.
• He should apply the law fairly and without bias to ensure justice and equality.
• Attachment to power is discouraged, as it can lead to ego and corruption.
• Seeking advice from wise advisors is essential for making informed decisions.
• The authority of the raja is not absolute; it is bound by dharma (moral duty).

Overall, the teachings emphasise that a raja's governance should reflect a commitment to ethical principles and the well-being of the state.