What role do microorganisms play in biodiversity?

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in biodiversity by supporting essential ecological processes and maintaining ecosystem stability. They act as decomposers, breaking down organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the soil, which supports plant growth. Many microorganisms are involved in nutrient cycles such as nitrogen fixation, where certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants. They also contribute to soil fertility, water purification, and the regulation of biogeochemical cycles. Additionally, microorganisms form symbiotic relationships with plants and animals, such as gut bacteria aiding digestion in humans. Their presence ensures the functioning, resilience, and sustainability of ecosystems.