What is the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances?

Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances differ based on their ability to be broken down by natural biological processes.

Biodegradable substances can be decomposed by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi into simpler, harmless substances like water, carbon dioxide, and nutrients. They decompose relatively quickly and do not cause long-term environmental pollution. Examples include food waste, paper, and natural fibers.

Non-biodegradable substances, on the other hand, cannot be easily broken down by microorganisms. They persist in the environment for long periods, often causing pollution and harm to living organisms. Examples include plastics, glass, and metals.

In simple terms, biodegradable substances are eco-friendly and part of natural recycling processes, while non-biodegradable substances accumulate in the environment and require proper waste management.