What is sedimentation and decantation?

Sedimentation and decantation are two related methods used to separate insoluble solids from liquids based on differences in density.

Sedimentation is the process in which heavier, insoluble particles settle down at the bottom of a liquid when the mixture is left undisturbed for some time. For example, when muddy water is left still, the soil particles settle at the bottom.

Decantation is the next step, where the clear liquid from the top is carefully poured into another container without disturbing the settled particles.

In simple terms, sedimentation allows the solid to settle, and decantation helps separate the clear liquid from it.