What is genetic diversity with suitable examples?

Genetic diversity refers to the variation in genetic makeup among individuals within the same species. It arises due to differences in DNA sequences, which result in variations in traits such as size, color, resistance to diseases, and adaptability to environmental conditions. High genetic diversity increases the chances of survival of a species during environmental changes, as some individuals may possess advantageous traits. For example, different varieties of rice in India show genetic diversity in terms of yield, drought resistance, and pest tolerance. Similarly, dog breeds exhibit wide genetic variation in size, behavior, and physical characteristics, even though they belong to the same species.