What is decomposition?

Decomposition is the natural process by which dead plants, animals, and organic matter break down into simpler substances.

This process is carried out mainly by living organisms such as bacteria and fungi, which feed on dead material and convert it into nutrients.

Instead of remaining as waste, organic matter is gradually transformed into:

• Nutrients in the soil
• Gases like carbon dioxide
• Water and simpler compounds

A simple way to understand it:
When leaves fall, food spoils, or organisms die, decomposition ensures that this material does not accumulate but is recycled back into the ecosystem.

Real-world relevance:
Decomposition is essential for maintaining soil fertility, supporting plant growth, and sustaining the natural cycle of matter.