A galvanic cell (or voltaic cell) is an electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a spontaneous redox reaction.
Basic Components:
- Anode (oxidation site) – where electrons are released
- Cathode (reduction site) – where electrons are gained
- Electrolyte – allows ion movement
- Salt bridge – maintains electrical neutrality
Working Principle:
- Oxidation occurs at the anode
- Reduction occurs at the cathode
- Electrons flow from anode to cathode through an external circuit, generating current
Example: Daniell Cell
- Zn | Zn²⁺ || Cu²⁺ | Cu
- Zinc loses electrons (oxidation)
- Copper gains electrons (reduction)
Key Insight:
- Converts chemical energy → electrical energy
- Used in batteries
Conclusion:
A galvanic cell generates electricity from spontaneous chemical reactions using redox processes.