What do you mean by decomposition?

Decomposition is the natural biological process in which complex organic substances, such as dead plants, animals, and waste materials, are broken down into simpler substances by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This process converts organic matter into basic components such as carbon dioxide, water, minerals, and nutrients.

Decomposition plays a critical role in maintaining ecological balance. It ensures that nutrients locked in dead organisms are released back into the soil, making them available for reuse by plants. Without decomposition, organic waste would accumulate, and nutrient cycling in ecosystems would stop.

For example, when leaves fall from trees, decomposers break them down into humus, enriching the soil and supporting plant growth.