Decomposition does not happen all at once. It progresses through distinct stages, each marked by specific physical and chemical changes.
A commonly accepted sequence includes:
- Fresh stage
Begins immediately after death. There are no visible signs of decay, but internal processes start as cells break down and bacteria begin activity.
- Bloat stage
Gases produced by bacterial action accumulate, causing the body to swell. This stage is characterized by noticeable odor and expansion.
- Active decay
Rapid breakdown of tissues occurs. Liquids may be released, and a large number of microorganisms and insects become active.
- Advanced decay
Most soft tissues are decomposed. The rate of decay slows down, and fewer organisms remain involved.
- Dry or skeletal stage
Only bones, cartilage, or resistant materials are left. Decomposition continues at a much slower rate.
Process insight:
The speed and nature of these stages depend on environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, oxygen, and the presence of decomposers.
