What are the raw materials required for photosynthesis? Explain their role.

Photosynthesis requires specific raw materials that are essential for the synthesis of food in plants. The main raw materials are carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is obtained from the atmosphere through stomata present in the leaves. It provides the carbon needed to form glucose.

Water (H₂O) is absorbed from the soil by the roots and transported to the leaves. It supplies hydrogen and also plays a role in the release of oxygen during the process.

Sunlight acts as the primary source of energy. It is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy required to drive the reactions of photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll is the green pigment present in chloroplasts that captures light energy. It enables the plant to utilize sunlight effectively for food production.

Each of these components is essential, and the absence of any one of them can stop the process of photosynthesis.