The Earth is divided into three main layers based on composition and physical properties: the crust, mantle, and core. Each layer has distinct characteristics that play a critical role in shaping the planet.
- Crust: This is the outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth, where we live. It includes continents and ocean floors, with a thickness ranging from about 5 km (oceanic crust) to 70 km (continental crust).
- Mantle: Located beneath the crust, the mantle is the thickest layer, extending up to about 2,900 km. It is made of semi-solid rock that flows slowly over time, driving plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
- Core: The innermost layer is divided into two parts:
- Outer core: A liquid layer composed mainly of iron and nickel, responsible for generating Earth’s magnetic field.
- Inner core: A solid sphere made primarily of iron and nickel, with extremely high temperature and pressure.
Key insight: These layers work together to influence natural processes like earthquakes, volcanoes, and the Earth’s magnetic field.