What are Mendel's laws of inheritance?

Mendel’s laws of inheritance are fundamental principles that explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring. These laws were proposed by Gregor Mendel based on his experiments with pea plants.

The first law is the Law of Segregation, which states that each organism has two alleles for a trait, and these alleles separate during the formation of gametes. As a result, each gamete carries only one allele.

The second law is the Law of Dominance, which states that when two different alleles are present, the dominant allele expresses itself, while the recessive allele remains masked.

The third law is the Law of Independent Assortment, which states that the alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during gamete formation.

These laws form the foundation of genetics and help explain patterns of inheritance and variation in living organisms.