What are adrenal glands?

Adrenal glands are small endocrine glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that help regulate metabolism, stress response, blood pressure, and salt-water balance in the body.

Each person has two adrenal glands, one above each kidney.

Structure of the Adrenal Glands

Each adrenal gland has two main parts:

1. Adrenal Cortex (Outer Part)

Produces hormones that regulate:

• Metabolism

• Salt and water balance

• Sexual development

2. Adrenal Medulla (Inner Part)

Produces hormones involved in emergency responses, mainly:

• Adrenaline

• Noradrenaline

Hormones Produced by Adrenal Glands

Hormone	Main Function
Adrenaline	Prepares body for emergencies
Noradrenaline	Helps regulate blood pressure
Cortisol	Controls metabolism and stress response
Aldosterone	Maintains salt and water balance

Functions of Adrenal Glands

Adrenal glands help in:

• Responding to stress and danger

• Increasing heart rate during emergencies

• Regulating blood pressure

• Maintaining water and mineral balance

• Supporting metabolism

Fight or Flight Response

During fear, stress, or danger:

• Adrenal glands release adrenaline

• Heartbeat and breathing increase

• More energy becomes available

• Body prepares for quick action

This is called the fight or flight response.

Importance of Adrenal Glands

Adrenal glands are important because they:

• Help the body handle stress

• Maintain internal balance

• Support energy production and circulation

Improper adrenal gland function can affect metabolism, blood pressure, and overall health.