Trace the development of Indian Railways from 1853 to the present day. Explain its importance to India's economy and society.

The British introduced railways in India in 1853 to transport raw materials to ports and move troops. As the railway network expanded, trade grew, major markets developed, and new settlements emerged near stations. Today, Indian Railways is the fourth-largest railway system in the world, carrying over 20 million passengers every day. It is one of the cheapest train services in the world. Cargo trains carry coal, grains, textiles, and electronics using 75–90% less energy than road transport. Indian Railways is the largest employer with about 1.21 million employees and creates many indirect jobs in catering, vending, and taxi services. India is aiming to have 100% trains running on electricity by 2025, which is better for the environment.