State and explain Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Mendel’s laws of inheritance explain how traits are transmitted from parents to offspring. There are three main laws:

Law of Dominance states that when two contrasting traits are present, only one (the dominant trait) is expressed in the first generation, while the other (recessive trait) remains hidden.

Law of Segregation states that alleles (factors controlling a trait) separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each trait. These alleles recombine during fertilization.

Law of Independent Assortment states that the inheritance of one trait is independent of the inheritance of another trait, provided the genes are located on different chromosomes.

These laws explain the patterns of inheritance observed in organisms and form the basis of classical genetics.