How is potential difference defined?

Potential difference (voltage) is defined as the work done per unit charge to move a charge from one point to another in an electric circuit.

Mathematically, it is expressed as:
V = W / Q
where:

• V = potential difference (in volts)
• W = work done (in joules)
• Q = charge (in coulombs)

It represents the energy required to move charges between two points and acts as the driving force for the flow of electric current.

The SI unit of potential difference is the volt (V).