How does the barter system take place and what kinds of commodities were used for exchange under the system?

The barter system is an exchange method where people directly trade goods and services without using money. In this system, if a person wants something they don't have, they offer something they own in exchange for it. For example, if a farmer has wheat but needs a pair of shoes, they might offer some wheat to a shoemaker in return for shoes.

Various commodities were used for exchange in the barter system. These could be everyday items or goods that were widely accepted and useful. Common items included:

Cattle: Cows, goats, and horses were exchanged for various goods and services.

Food Grains: Wheat, rice, and other grains were commonly used, especially in agricultural societies.

Cloth: Fabrics and garments were exchanged, especially in regions with textile industries.

Salt: This was a valuable commodity in ancient times, used for both food preservation and seasoning.

Cowrie shells: These shells were used as a medium of exchange in various cultures, especially in Africa and parts of India.