How does a flowing current create a magnetic field?

When an electric current flows through a conductor, it generates a magnetic field around it. This phenomenon is known as the magnetic effect of electric current.

The magnetic field forms concentric circular lines around the conductor. The direction of these field lines can be determined using the right-hand thumb rule: if you hold the conductor in your right hand with the thumb pointing in the direction of current, your fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field.

The strength of the magnetic field depends on:

• The amount of current flowing through the conductor
• The distance from the conductor (field strength decreases with distance)

This principle is fundamental to the working of devices like electromagnets, electric motors, and transformers.