How does a cactus survive in hot and dry desert conditions?

A cactus survives in hot and dry desert conditions through special adaptations that help it conserve and store water. Its thick, fleshy green stem stores water and also performs photosynthesis.

The leaves of a cactus are modified into spines, which reduce water loss and provide protection from animals. A waxy layer on the stem surface helps prevent excessive evaporation, while its root system absorbs available water from the soil efficiently after rainfall.

These adaptations allow a cactus to manage extreme heat and limited water availability in desert habitats.