Explain the key features of the Indian Constitution, with examples.

The Indian Constitution has several key features:

Fundamental Rights: Guarantees rights such as equality (Article 14) and personal liberty (Article 21). These rights are enforceable in courts and protect citizens from unfair treatment.

Fundamental Duties: Lists responsibilities for citizens, such as respecting the Constitution and protecting the environment. These were added in 1976.

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP): Non-justiciable guidelines for the government to promote welfare, like social and economic justice (Article 38) and public health (Article 47).

Separation of Powers: Divides government into legislature (makes laws), executive (implements laws) and judiciary (interprets laws), so no single branch becomes too powerful.

Living Document: The Constitution can be amended to meet changing needs; for example, the 73rd Amendment (1992) strengthened local self-government (Panchayati Raj).