Describe the functions of the stomach and small intestine.

The stomach and small intestine are key organs of the digestive system, each performing specific functions in the digestion and absorption of food.

The stomach acts as a temporary storage site and plays a major role in the digestion of proteins. It secretes gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes like pepsin. The acid creates an acidic environment that helps kill harmful microorganisms and activates digestive enzymes. The stomach also churns food, converting it into a semi-liquid form called chyme.

The small intestine is the main site of digestion and absorption. It receives bile from the liver, which helps in the emulsification of fats, and pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

The inner lining of the small intestine has finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption. Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream through these structures.

Thus, the stomach initiates digestion, especially of proteins, while the small intestine completes digestion and ensures efficient absorption of nutrients.