Define decomposition and explain its importance in the environment.

Decomposition is the biological process by which complex organic substances from dead plants, animals, and waste materials are broken down into simpler inorganic substances by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.

This process plays a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance. It helps in recycling essential nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus back into the soil, making them available for plants. Without decomposition, dead matter would accumulate on the Earth’s surface, leading to nutrient depletion in the soil and disruption of ecosystems.

Decomposition also supports soil fertility by forming humus, which improves soil structure and water retention capacity. Additionally, it contributes to various biogeochemical cycles, ensuring the continuous flow of energy and matter in the ecosystem.