By what process does an electric bulb emit light?

An electric bulb emits light through the process of incandescence.

When electric current passes through the tungsten filament inside the bulb, the filament offers resistance and gets heated to a very high temperature. As it becomes extremely hot, it starts to glow and emit light.

This process involves the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy and then into light energy.

The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb filled with inert gas or vacuum to prevent it from burning out quickly at high temperatures.