NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology provide chapter-wise answers to all the questions in the textbook. The book includes 19 chapters and covers topics such as the animal kingdom, morphology, plant anatomy and physiology, biomolecules and the human body.
Covering all questions from the book, they help students understand difficult topics in a simple way using diagrams and flowcharts. These NCERT solutions also serve as a useful tool for preparing for entrance exams such as NEET. They further help students develop a clear understanding of important concepts in Biology through structured solutions.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter wise 2026 27
| S.No. | Chapter Name & Topic |
| 1 | Chapter 1 - The Living World |
| 2 | Chapter 2 - Biological Classification |
| 3 | Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom |
| 4 | Chapter 4 - Animal Kingdom |
| 5 | Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants |
| 6 | Chapter 6 - Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
| 7 | Chapter 7 - Structural Organisation in Animals |
| 8 | Chapter 8 - Cell: The Unit of Life |
| 9 | Chapter 9 - Biomolecules |
| 10 | Chapter 10 - Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
| 11 | Chapter 11 - Photosynthesis in Higher plants |
| 12 | Chapter 12 - Respiration in Plants |
| 13 | Chapter 13 - Plant Growth and Development |
| 14 | Chapter 14 - Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
| 15 | Chapter 15 - Body Fluids and Circulation |
| 16 | Chapter 16 - Excretory Products and their Elimination |
| 17 | Chapter 17 - Locomotion and Movement |
| 18 | Chapter 18 - Neural Control and Coordination |
| 19 | Chapter 19 - Chemical Coordination and Integration |
Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Overview
Chapter 1 - The Living World
The first chapter discusses the vast diversity of life on Earth and the characteristics that differentiates living organisms from non-living things. Students learn about features of living organisms such as growth, reproduction, metabolism and response to stimuli.
The chapter explains biodiversity, the need for classification and the principles of taxonomy and systematics used to identify, name and classify organisms. Students also study binomial nomenclature, taxonomic categories such as species, genus, family and kingdom, and various taxonomical aids including herbaria, botanical gardens, museums, zoological parks and keys.
Chapter 2 - Biological Classification
This chapter explains the scientific classification of living organisms based on their characteristics, cell structure, mode of nutrition, reproduction and evolutionary relationships. Students learn about the five-kingdom classification system proposed by R. H. Whittaker, which divides organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
The chapter discusses the defining features of bacteria, cyanobacteria, archaebacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals, along with their ecological and economic importance. Students also study viruses, viroids, lichens and prions, which do not fit neatly into the five-kingdom system.
Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom
Chapter 3 explains the classification of plants and their evolutionary relationships within the plant kingdom. Students learn about the characteristics, life cycles and reproduction of major plant groups, including algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
The chapter discusses the features of each group, their habitats and their ecological importance. Students also study plant life cycles, alternation of generations and the progression of plant evolution from simple non-vascular forms to complex flowering plants. It also explains the sporophyte and gametophyte generations, seed formation and double fertilization in angiosperms.
Chapter 4 - Animal Kingdom
This chapter explains the diversity of animals and the scientific basis for their classification. Students learn about the fundamental features used in animal classification, including levels of organization, body symmetry, germ layers, coelom, segmentation and the presence of a notochord.
The chapter discusses major animal phyla such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and Chordata. Students study their characteristics, body organization, reproduction and examples of each group. The chapter also explains the differences between non-chordates and chordates.
Chapter 5 - Morphology of Flowering Plants
Chapter 5 explains the external structure and organization of flowering plants. Students learn about the morphology, functions and modifications of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The chapter discusses different types of root systems, stem and leaf modifications, phyllotaxy, venation and inflorescence.
Students also study the structure of flowers, floral symmetry, aestivation, placentation and the arrangement of reproductive organs. It also includes important concepts such as fruit and seed formation and the identification of plant families through morphological characteristics.
Chapter 6 - Anatomy of Flowering Plants
This chapter explains the internal structure and organization of flowering plants. Students learn about different types of plant tissues, including meristematic and permanent tissues and their roles in growth, support, storage and transport. The chapter discusses the epidermal, ground and vascular tissue systems, as well as the structure and functions of xylem and phloem.
Students study the anatomical differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous roots, stems and leaves. It also includes important concepts such as vascular bundles, stomata, tissue organization and secondary growth.
Chapter 7 - Structural Organisation in Animals
This chapter discusses the levels of structural organization in animals and how cells, tissues, organs and organ systems work together to perform various functions. Students learn about epithelial, connective, muscular and neural tissues, and their structure and functions. The chapter also explains the morphology and anatomy of animals such as the earthworm, cockroach and frog.
Chapter 8 - Cell : The Unit of Life
In this chapter, students learn about the discovery of cells, the cell theory and the diversity of cell types. The chapter explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and describes the structure and functions of major cell organelles, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes and vacuoles.
Students also study the plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella and centrosomes. It also includes important concepts such as cellular organization, compartmentalization, and the relationship between cell structure and function.
Chapter 9 - Biomolecules
Chapter 9 explains the chemical compounds that constitute living organisms and are essential for life processes. Students learn about the structure, classification and functions of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, vitamins and enzymes.
The chapter discusses how these molecules are formed, their chemical composition and their roles in metabolism, growth, energy storage and genetic inheritance. Students also study the concepts of primary and secondary metabolites, biochemical bonds and the properties of water as an important biological molecule.
Chapter 10 - Cell Cycle and Cell Division
This chapter discusses the mechanisms by which cells grow, replicate their genetic material and divide to produce new cells. Students learn about the cell cycle, which consists of interphase and the M phase. The chapter explains mitosis, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis, and its role in growth, tissue repair and asexual reproduction.
Students also study meiosis, a specialized type of cell division that reduces chromosome number by half and generates genetic variation through recombination and independent assortment. The chapter discusses chromosome behavior during cell division, the importance of maintaining genetic continuity and the importance of cell division in growth, development, reproduction and evolution.
Chapter 11 - Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
This chapter explains the process of photosynthesis, through which green plants, algae and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. Students learn about the experiments that led to the understanding of photosynthesis, the structure of chloroplasts and the role of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll.
The chapter discusses the two major stages of photosynthesis: the light reactions, which produce ATP and NADPH and the Calvin cycle, which fixes carbon dioxide into carbohydrates. Students also study the C3 and C4 pathways, photorespiration and the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis, including light, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and water availability.
Chapter 12 - Respiration in Plants
This chapter explains how plants obtain energy by breaking down organic food molecules through the process of respiration. Students learn about the nature and significance of respiration, the exchange of gases in plants and the pathways involved in energy production. The chapter discusses glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system.
Students also study aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respiratory quotients and the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration. The chapter explains the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration and discusses factors affecting the rate of respiration.
Chapter 13 - Plant Growth and Development
Chapter 13 explains how plants grow, differentiate and develop throughout their life cycle. Students learn about the characteristics of plant growth, including cell division, cell enlargement and cell differentiation. The chapter discusses various phases of growth, growth rates and growth curves.
Students also study plant growth regulators (phytohormones) such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene, and their roles in controlling growth, development, dormancy, flowering, fruit development and responses to environmental stimuli. The chapter explains the concepts of differentiation, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, photoperiodism and vernalization.
Chapter 14 - Breathing and Exchange of Gases
This chapter explains the process of respiration in humans and the mechanisms involved in the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. Students learn about the structure and functions of the human respiratory system, including the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli.
The chapter discusses the mechanics of breathing, pulmonary ventilation and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar and tissue levels. Students also study the transport of gases by blood, the role of haemoglobin and the regulation of respiration. It also includes important concepts such as respiratory volumes and capacities, oxygen dissociation curves, and respiratory disorders like asthma, emphysema and occupational respiratory diseases.
Chapter 15 - Body Fluids and Circulation
This chapter explains the composition and functions of body fluids and the circulatory system in humans. Students learn about blood, its components (plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) and their roles in transportation, immunity and clotting. The chapter also discusses lymph and its functions in maintaining fluid balance and transporting substances.
Students study the structure and working of the human heart, the mechanism of blood circulation, cardiac cycle, electrocardiogram and the differences between pulmonary and systemic circulation. It also includes important concepts such as blood groups, coagulation, double circulation and common cardiovascular disorders like hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure.
Chapter 16 - Excretory Products and their Elimination
This chapter explains how the human body removes metabolic waste products and maintains internal balance through the excretory system. Students learn about different nitrogenous wastes, such as ammonia, urea and uric acid, and the processes by which organisms eliminate them. The chapter discusses the structure and function of the human urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
Students study the structure of the nephron and the mechanisms of urine formation, including glomerular filtration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion. The chapter also discusses the regulation of kidney function, osmoregulation, micturition and the role of hormones such as ADH. It also includes important concepts such as dialysis, kidney transplantation and common disorders of the excretory system.
Chapter 17 - Locomotion and Movement
Chapter 17 explains the mechanisms that enable movement and locomotion in humans and other animals. Students learn about the different types of movements, including amoeboid, ciliary, muscular and locomotory movements. The chapter discusses the human skeletal system, including bones, joints, cartilage and ligaments, and explains how they provide support and facilitate movement.
Students also study the structure and function of skeletal muscles, the process of muscle contraction and the interaction between muscles and bones during movement. It also includes important concepts such as types of joints, disorders of the muscular and skeletal systems, and the coordination required for body movement.
Chapter 18 - Neural Control and Coordination
This chapter explains how the nervous system coordinates and regulates various activities of the human body. Students learn about neurons, nerve impulses and the organization of the human nervous system, including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
The chapter discusses the structure and functions of different parts of the brain, the mechanism of impulse transmission across synapses and the role of reflex actions. Students also study sensory receptors and major sense organs, particularly the eye and ear and how they help organisms perceive and respond to their environment. It also includes important concepts such as neural coordination, reflex arcs, sensory perception and nervous disorders.
Chapter 19 - Chemical Coordination and Integration
The last chapter explains how hormones and the endocrine system coordinate and regulate various physiological activities in the human body. Students learn about endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes and ovaries, along with the hormones they secrete and their functions.
The chapter discusses the mechanism of hormone action, feedback regulation and the role of hormones in controlling growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress responses and homeostasis. Students also study hormones produced by organs such as the heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, as well as common endocrine disorders including diabetes mellitus, goitre, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and Addison's disease.
