NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science provide complete chapter-wise answers. Social Science is divided into four subjects: History, Civics, Geography and Economics. The book covers European and Indian history, concepts of federalism and democracy, geographical resources and basic economics related to money and the Indian economy.
Shiksha Nation’s solutions are based on the latest 2026 curriculum, and each answer is explained clearly to help students improve their answer-writing skills as well as conceptual understanding. Social Science answers are often lengthy, so understanding concepts becomes the key to scoring better marks.
Latest NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science
Class 10 History (India and the Contemporary World – II)
| S.No. | Chapter Name & Topic |
| 1 | Chapter 1 - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe |
| 2 | Chapter 2 - Nationalism in India |
| 3 | Chapter 3 - The Making of a Global World |
| 4 | Chapter 4 - The Age of Industrialisation |
| 5 | Chapter 5 - Print Culture and the Modern World |
Class 10 Civics (Democratic Politics - II)
| S.No. | Chapter Name & Topic |
| 1 | Chapter 1 - Power-sharing |
| 2 | Chapter 2 - Federalism |
| 3 | Chapter 3 - Gender, Religion and Caste |
| 4 | Chapter 4 - Political Parties |
| 5 | Chapter 5 - Outcomes of Democracy |
Class 10 Geography (Contemporary India - II)
| S.No. | Chapter Name & Topic |
| 1 | Chapter 1 - Resources and Development |
| 2 | Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources |
| 3 | Chapter 3 - Water Resources |
| 4 | Chapter 4 - Agriculture |
| 5 | Chapter 5 - Minerals and Energy Resources |
| 6 | Chapter 6 - Manufacturing Industries |
| 7 | Chapter 7 - Lifelines of National Economy |
Class 10 Economics (Understanding Economic Development)
| S.No. | Chapter Name & Topic |
| 1 | Chapter 1 - Development |
| 2 | Chapter 2 - Sectors of the Indian Economy |
| 3 | Chapter 3 - Money and Credit |
| 4 | Chapter 4 - Globalisation and the Indian Economy |
| 5 | Chapter 5 - Consumer Rights |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter wise Details
Class 10 History (India and the Contemporary World – II)
Chapter 1 - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
The first history chapter explains how the idea of nationalism emerged in Europe during the nineteenth century and led to the formation of modern nation-states. Students learn about the impact of the French Revolution, which introduced the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity and helped create a sense of collective national identity.
The chapter discusses the rise of liberalism, conservatism and revolutionary movements, as well as the role of leaders such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Otto von Bismarck in the unification of Italy and Germany. It also includes the role of culture, romanticism and national symbols.
Chapter 2 - Nationalism in India
This chapter explains the growth of Indian nationalism during the struggle against British rule. Students learn how the idea of a united Indian nation developed through various movements and mass participation. The chapter discusses the impact of the First World War, the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which increased opposition to colonial rule.
It also discusses the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and major movements such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement and Salt March, which brought peasants, workers, students, women and business groups into the national struggle. The chapter also explains how different social groups experienced nationalism differently and how symbols, folklore and national icons helped create a sense of collective identity.
Chapter 3 - The Making of a Global World
Chapter 3 explains how the modern world became increasingly interconnected through trade, migration, travel, technology and the movement of capital over several centuries. Students learn about early global connections through the Silk Routes, the exchange of food crops and ideas between continents and the impact of European exploration and colonization.
The chapter discusses the growth of a world economy in the nineteenth century, including the movement of labour, expansion of international trade and the effects of industrialization. It also discusses major events such as the Great Depression of 1929, which disrupted global trade and employment and the establishment of the Bretton Woods system after the Second World War to rebuild the global economy.
Chapter 4 - The Age of Industrialization
This chapter discusses the growth of modern industries from the eighteenth century onwards and their impact on society, labour and production. Students learn that industrialization did not immediately replace traditional handicrafts. The chapter explains the role of technological innovations, entrepreneurs and expanding markets in the growth of industries, particularly in Britain.
In the Indian context, it discusses how British colonial policies affected traditional textile producers, while Indian entrepreneurs gradually built modern industries despite competition from imported goods. Students also study the lives of workers, the growth of factory production and the influence of advertisements, branding and consumer culture in creating demand for manufactured products.
Chapter 5 - Print Culture and the Modern World
This chapter explains the history of printing technology and its impact on society, culture, religion and politics across the world. Students learn how print originated in China, Japan and Korea, spread to Europe and was revolutionized by the invention of the Gutenberg printing press in the 15th century.
The chapter discusses how printed books, newspapers, pamphlets and journals increased literacy, encouraged the spread of new ideas and played an important role in movements such as the Protestant Reformation, the Enlightenment and the growth of nationalism.
In the Indian context, it examines the development of print culture, the rise of newspapers, debates on social and religious reforms and the role of print in the freedom movement. The chapter explains how print transformed communication and helped shape the modern world by making knowledge and ideas accessible to larger sections of society.
Class 10 Civics (Democratic Politics - II)
Chapter 1 - Power-sharing
This chapter explains the importance of power sharing in a democracy and how it helps maintain political stability and social harmony. Students learn through the examples of Belgium and Sri Lanka how different countries manage or fail to manage conflicts among linguistic, religious and ethnic groups.
The chapter also explains that power sharing is desirable both to reduce social conflict and political instability and also because it is the very spirit of democracy. It discusses many forms of power sharing, including the sharing of power among different organs of government, among different levels of government, among social groups and among political parties and pressure groups.
Chapter 2 - Federalism
This chapter explains federalism, a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and many state or regional governments. Students learn the important features of a federal system, such as two or more levels of government, division of powers through a constitution, an independent judiciary and constitutional supremacy.
It also explains how federalism works in India through the Union, State and Local governments, the distribution of powers through the Union List, State List and Concurrent List, and the importance of decentralization through Panchayats and Municipalities.
Chapter 3 - Gender, Religion and Caste
This chapter explains how gender, religion and caste influence politics and society in India. Students learn about gender division, the challenges faced by women due to unequal opportunities and the efforts made to achieve gender equality through education, employment and political participation.
The chapter discusses the relationship between religion and politics, explaining the concept of secularism and the need to prevent discrimination based on religion while respecting religious freedom. It also explains the role of caste in Indian society and politics. The chapter emphasizes that democracy seeks to reduce social divisions and ensure equal rights and participation for all citizens.
Chapter 4 - Political Parties
This chapter explains the importance of political parties as important institutions of democracy. Students learn that a political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections, hold power and implement policies for society. The chapter discusses the major functions of political parties, including contesting elections, making laws, forming and running governments, acting as the opposition, shaping public opinion and linking citizens with the government.
It also explains the different types of party systems and describes national and state parties in India. Students study the major challenges faced by political parties, such as lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, the influence of money and muscle power and limited meaningful choices for voters. The chapter also discusses reforms to strengthen political parties and improve the functioning of democracy in India.
Chapter 5 - Outcomes of Democracy
This chapter explains the achievements and limitations of democracy by examining its actual outcomes in society and government. Students learn that democracy is considered a better form of government because it produces an accountable, responsive and legitimate government, where leaders are answerable to the people through elections.
The chapter discusses democracy’s performance in terms of economic growth and development, reduction of inequality and poverty, accommodation of social diversity and the promotion of dignity and freedom of citizens. It explains that while democracy may not always be the fastest or most efficient system, it is best suited to respect differences, resolve conflicts peacefully and protect individual rights.
Class 10 Geography (Contemporary India - II)
Chapter 1 - Resources and Development
This chapter explains the concept of resources, their classification and their importance in human development. Students learn that resources are anything available in the environment that can satisfy human needs and are technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable.
The chapter discusses different types of resources based on origin, exhaustibility, ownership and status of development, and the need for resource planning and sustainable development to prevent overexploitation. It also covers land resources, land-use patterns in India, causes of land degradation and conservation measures.
Students study the major soil types of India, their characteristics, distribution and suitability for crops, along with the problems of soil erosion and methods of soil conservation.
Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources
Chapter 2 explains the importance of forests and wildlife as valuable natural resources. Students learn about India's rich biodiversity, the different categories of species such as endangered, vulnerable, rare and endemic species, and the threats posed by deforestation, habitat destruction, overexploitation and environmental degradation.
The chapter discusses various conservation measures, including the creation of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves and Project Tiger, to protect flora and fauna. It also explains the role of local communities in conservation through movements such as the Chipko Movement and joint forest management programmes.
Chapter 3 - Water Resources
This chapter explains the importance of water as a renewable but limited resource and the growing problem of water scarcity in India. Students learn that although water is renewed through the hydrological cycle, increasing population, urbanization, industrialization and intensive irrigation have led to overexploitation of water resources.
The chapter discusses multipurpose river valley projects and dams, their benefits for irrigation, electricity generation, flood control and water supply, as well as the environmental and social issues associated with them. It also includes the need for water conservation and management through methods such as rainwater harvesting, watershed development and the revival of traditional water storage systems like tankas, johads and khadins.
Chapter 4 - Agriculture
This chapter explains the importance of agriculture in India, which provides livelihood to a large section of the population and remains an important sector of the economy. Students learn about Kharif, Rabi and Zaid, and the geographical and climatic conditions required for various crops.
The chapter discusses major food crops such as rice, wheat, millets, and pulses, as well as commercial crops like sugarcane, cotton, tea, coffee, rubber and jute. It explains the factors influencing agriculture and challenges such as dependence on the monsoon, land degradation and declining productivity. The chapter also explains the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture and emphasizes the need for sustainable farming practices and institutional support.
Chapter 5 - Minerals and Energy Resources
This chapter explains the importance of minerals and energy resources in economic and industrial development. Students learn that minerals are naturally occurring substances with a definite chemical composition and are classified into metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals. The chapter discusses the distribution and uses of important minerals such as iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper, mica and limestone in India.
It also covers conventional energy resources like coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity, and non-conventional sources such as solar, wind, tidal, geothermal and biogas energy. The chapter discusses the need for conservation of minerals and energy resources because many of them are finite and non-renewable.
Chapter 6 - Manufacturing Industries
Chapter 6 explains the importance of manufacturing industries in economic development and how they help transform raw materials into finished products. Students learn that manufacturing is essential for creating employment, reducing dependence on agriculture, increasing national income and promoting modernization. The chapter discusses the factors affecting the location of industries, such as availability of raw materials, labour, capital, power, transport and markets.
It covers major industries in India, including the cotton textile, jute textile, iron and steel, cement, chemical and automobile industries, and explains their distribution and significance. The chapter also discusses the environmental impacts of Industrialization, such as air, water, noise and land pollution, and the need for sustainable industrial development and pollution control measures.
Chapter 7 - Lifelines of National Economy
This chapter explains the importance of transport and communication networks as the lifelines of a nation's economy. Students learn how different modes of transport facilitate the movement of people and goods across the country. The chapter discusses the significance of India's vast transport network in promoting trade, tourism, national integration and economic development.
It covers various means of communication, including postal services, telecommunications, radio, television, newspapers and the internet, which help in the rapid exchange of information. Students also learn about international trade and its role in connecting India with the global economy through exports and imports.
Class 10 Economics (Understanding Economic Development)
Chapter 1 - Development
This chapter explains the concept of development and how it means different things to different people based on their needs and aspirations. Students learn that while income is an important measure of development, factors such as education, healthcare, equality, security, freedom and a clean environment are also important for a good quality of life.
The chapter discusses the concept of Per Capita Income for comparing countries and the Human Development Index. It also explains the issue of sustainable development.
Chapter 2 - Sectors of the Indian Economy
This chapter explains how economic activities are grouped into different sectors of the economy. Students learn about the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. The chapter discusses the contribution of these sectors to GDP and employment in India, and the growing importance of the service sector.
It also explains concepts such as underemployment and disguised unemployment, especially in agriculture. Students study the difference between the organized and unorganized sectors, as well as the public and private sectors and understand the need to protect workers in the unorganized sector.
Chapter 3 - Money and Credit
This chapter explains the role of money as a medium of exchange and how it overcomes the limitations of the barter system. Students learn about the modern forms of money, such as currency and bank deposits and how money facilitates transactions in an economy.
The chapter discusses the concept of credit, explaining how loans are provided by banks and other lenders for productive and personal purposes. It also explains the importance of formal sources of credit, such as banks and cooperatives and compares them with informal sources like moneylenders, which often charge high interest rates. Students also study the role of self-help groups in providing affordable credit, especially in rural areas.
Chapter 4 - Globalisation and the Indian Economy
This chapter explains the process of globalisation, which refers to the increasing integration and interconnection of countries through trade, investment, technology and the movement of goods and services. Students learn how MNCs operate across countries. The chapter discusses the role of foreign trade, advances in transport and communication and the policies of liberalization adopted in India since 1991, which reduced trade barriers and encouraged foreign investment.
It explains the impact of globalization on Indian producers, workers, consumers and industries, showing that while some groups have benefited, others have faced challenges due to competition. The chapter also includes the role of organizations such as the World Trade Organization in regulating international trade and the need for fair globalization that benefits all sections of society.
Chapter 5 - Consumer Rights
The last chapter explains the importance of consumer awareness and consumer rights in a market economy. Students learn that consumers often face problems such as unfair trade practices, adulteration, overpricing, misleading advertisements and the sale of defective goods.
The chapter discusses the six major consumer rights. It also explains the significance of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 and the role of consumer courts in resolving disputes. Students learn about quality certification marks such as ISI, AGMARK and Hallmark, which help consumers make informed choices.
