These notes are made for Class 10 ICSE students who want clear and simple explanations of Computer Applications. If you find the textbook language confusing or too lengthy, these notes will help you understand concepts step by step. The focus is on what really matters for exams, not extra theory.
For Parents Supporting Their Child
Many parents want to help with revision but are not from a computer background. This section is written so parents can easily follow the topics and guide their child during study time. The content matches the computer applications class 10 ICSE syllabus and keeps learning stress-free at home.
For Self-Study and Exam Preparation
If you are preparing on your own or revising before exams, these are exam-oriented computer notes. They help in quick revision, concept clarity, and regular practice – exactly what Class 10 students need to feel confident before assessments and board exams.
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Chapter-wise Computer Applications notes for Class 10 ICSE students, covering Java basics, logic gates, internet concepts, and exam preparation.
These downloadable notes are created by Shiksha Nation to support revision and exam preparation. They are self-made notes, prepared according to the syllabus, and are meant to help students revise key concepts in a simple and clear way. These notes do not replace textbooks or school materials.
Students can use these computer applications class 10 notes for quick revision before tests and board exams. The content is print-friendly and useful for revising definitions, concepts, and exam-focused points.
ICSE Class 10 Computer Applications (Code 165) – Syllabus Overview
Computer Applications in Class 10 ICSE is a practical subject that checks both understanding and application. The computer applications code 165 class 10 syllabus is designed to help students think logically, write correct programs, and use computers confidently in real situations.
Students are not expected to memorise theory only. They must understand how concepts work and how to apply them in exams. Parents should know that regular practice is as important as reading.
ICSE Code 165 Syllabus Explained Simply
Theory + Practical Balance
The ICSE Code 165 syllabus gives importance to both written answers and program-based questions. Theory explains why things work, while practical questions test how to use them.
Strong Focus on Java Programming
Students learn the basics of Java step by step—variables, conditions, loops, arrays, and strings. Programs are usually short but must be logically correct and well-written.
Internal Assessment Matters
Internal assessment includes programs, lab work, and school-based tests. This marks section helps students score well if they practice regularly and submit work on time.
Area
What Students Should Do
Theory
Understand definitions & concepts
Programming
Practice Java programs daily
Internal Work
Take lab work seriously
This balanced approach helps students prepare confidently for the final ICSE exam.
Class 10 Computer Applications Chapter-Wise Notes
These computer applications class 10 chapter wise notes are designed to make learning simple and organised. Each chapter is explained in clear steps so students can study one topic at a time without feeling confused or overloaded.
For students, the best way to use these notes is to read a chapter, understand the concept, and then practice related questions or programs. This helps in better memory and exam confidence. Parents can use these notes to track which Class 10 computer applications chapters are completed and where the student needs more practice.
How to use these notes effectively:
Study one chapter daily instead of rushing
Revise key points before tests and exams
Practice programs after reading the explanation
Use notes for quick revision before exams
These notes support regular study, smart revision, and focused exam preparation.
This chapter builds the base of Computer Applications. Students must clearly understand how a computer works before moving to programming or advanced topics. These concepts are frequently asked in exams through short answers, definitions, and diagrams. Parents should ensure students do not skip this chapter, as it supports many later topics.
What Is a Computer System?
A computer system is a combination of hardware and software that works together to process data and give useful output. It follows a simple working cycle: Input → Process → Output.
Input Devices
Input devices are used to enter data and instructions into the computer.
Common input devices:
Keyboard – for typing text and numbers
Mouse – for pointing and selecting
Scanner – for copying images or documents
Microphone – for voice input
Exam tip: Questions often ask to name two input devices with their use.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU is called the brain of the computer. It controls all operations and processes data.
The CPU has three main parts:
Part
Function
ALU
Performs calculations and logical decisions
Control Unit
Directs all activities of the computer
Registers
Stores data temporarily during processing
Students should learn these definitions clearly, as they are common in exams.
Memory and Storage
Memory is used to store data and instructions.
Types of memory:
Primary Memory: RAM and ROM
Secondary Storage: Hard disk, pen drive, CD/DVD
Memory Type
Purpose
RAM
Temporary storage
ROM
Permanent instructions
Output Devices
Output devices show the result of processing.
Examples:
Monitor – displays information
Printer – gives hard copy
Speakers – produce sound
Exam-Oriented Focus
These are exam-oriented computer notes. Students should practise:
Writing definitions in simple words
Drawing neat block diagrams
Answering 2-4 mark questions clearly
Understanding this chapter well helps students score easy marks and feel confident in exams.
Chapter 2 – Data Representation & Number Systems
In this chapter, students learn how a computer understands numbers and data. Unlike humans, computers do not work with words or decimal numbers directly. They use number systems to store and process information. This chapter is very important for exams because number conversions are asked regularly. Parents should encourage daily practice, as this topic improves logical thinking.
What Is Data Representation?
Data representation means the way data is stored inside a computer system. Numbers, characters, and symbols are converted into a form that the computer can understand. For Class 10 level, the main focus is on number systems.
Types of Number Systems
Number System
Base
Digits Used
Decimal
10
0-9
Binary
2
0, 1
Hexadecimal
16
0-9, A-F
Decimal system is used by humans in daily life.
Binary system is used by computers because electronic circuits have two states.
Hexadecimal system is used to represent large binary values in a shorter form.
Binary Number System
The binary system uses only 0 and 1.
Each digit in a binary number has a positional value based on powers of 2.
The hexadecimal system uses numbers 0-9 and letters A-F.
Here, A = 10, B = 11, up to F = 15.
This system is mainly used in memory addresses and colour codes.
Conversion Basics (Exam-Focused)
Students must practise these conversions:
Decimal to Binary
Binary to Decimal
Binary to Hexadecimal (basic level)
Exam tip:
Show proper steps during conversion. Even if the final answer is wrong, steps can fetch marks.
Regular practice of this chapter helps students score well in short and numerical questions in exams.
Chapter 3 – Internet Basics and Networking
This chapter introduces students to how the internet works and how people use it in daily life. These internet basics class 10 concepts are simple but very scoring. Questions from this chapter are usually direct, so clear understanding can help students secure easy marks. Parents can relate this topic to daily internet use at home to make learning easier.
What Is the Internet?
The internet is a global network of computers connected to each other. It allows users to share information, communicate, and access services from anywhere in the world.
Students should remember that the internet is not a single computer but a network of many networks.
Internet Services
Internet services are facilities provided through the internet.
Common internet services:
Email – sending and receiving messages
World Wide Web (WWW) – accessing websites
File transfer – sharing files
Online chatting and video calls
These services are commonly asked in short-answer questions.
Email (Electronic Mail)
Email is a fast way to send messages over the internet.
Main parts of an email:
Part
Purpose
To
Receiver’s email address
Subject
Topic of the mail
Message Body
Actual content
Attachment
Files sent with mail
Students should learn proper email terms for exams.
World Wide Web (WWW)
The WWW is a collection of web pages linked together. Web pages are written using simple languages and are accessed using the internet.
WWW uses websites and hyperlinks to move from one page to another.
Web Browsers
A web browser is a software used to view websites.
Examples:
Google Chrome
Mozilla Firefox
Microsoft Edge
Exam tip: Do not confuse browsers with search engines.
Networking Basics
Networking means connecting two or more computers to share data and resources. Basic understanding is enough for Class 10 exams.
This chapter helps students understand safe and correct internet usage for both exams and real life.
Chapter 4 – Boolean Logic and Logic Gates
Boolean Logic helps students understand how computers take decisions. In this chapter, students learn how conditions work using true and false values. This topic is important for exams because questions based on logic gates and truth tables are very common. Parents can support learning by helping students practise tables regularly.
What Is Boolean Logic?
Boolean Logic is a system where values are expressed as true/false or 1/0. Computers use this logic to make decisions, compare values, and control program flow.
In exams, students are often asked to define Boolean logic or identify output based on given inputs.
Logic Gates
Logic gates are electronic circuits that work on Boolean logic. Each gate performs a specific logical operation.
Main logic gates for Class 10:
AND gate
OR gate
NOT gate
Students should remember the symbol, function, and truth table of each gate.
AND Gate
The AND gate gives output true (1) only when both inputs are true.
Input A
Input B
Output
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
Exam tip: One false input makes the output false.
OR Gate
The OR gate gives output true (1) if any one input is true.
Input A
Input B
Output
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
NOT Gate
The NOT gate has only one input. It reverses the input value.
Input
Output
0
1
1
0
Truth Tables (ICSE Style)
Truth tables show all possible input combinations and their outputs.
Students must practise drawing neat tables, as presentation matters in ICSE exams.
Regular practice of logic gates helps students understand programming conditions later and score well in board exams.
Chapter 5 – Programming Basics (Java)
This chapter introduces students to programming basics (Java) and is one of the most important parts of Computer Applications. Many students feel nervous about coding at first, but at Class 10 level, Java is taught in a simple and logical way. With regular practice, students can score well in program-based questions. Parents should encourage daily coding practice, even for a short time.
What Is a Program?
A program is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a task. In ICSE Class 10, students write small Java programs to solve simple problems like calculations, conditions, and data display.
Variables in Java
Variables are used to store data in a program. Each variable has a name and a value.
Examples of variables:
int total;
double marks;
char grade;
Rules to remember:
Variable names should be meaningful
They should not start with numbers
Java is case-sensitive
Data Types
Data types tell the computer what type of data a variable will store.
Data Type
Use
int
Whole numbers
double
Decimal numbers
char
Single character
boolean
true or false
Students must choose the correct data type to avoid errors in programs.
Input and Output in Java
Input means taking data from the user. Output means showing results on the screen.
Commonly used methods:
Input using simple statements (as taught in syllabus)
Output using System.out.print() and System.out.println()
Exam tip:
Write output statements neatly and match spacing as asked in the question.
Conditional Statements
Conditional statements are used to take decisions in a program.
Main conditional statements:
if statement
if-else statement
nested if (basic level)
These statements check conditions like greater than, less than, or equal to.
Example use:
Checking whether a number is positive or negative.
Exam-Oriented Practice Tips
Practise writing programs by hand
Focus on logic, not memorising code
Trace programs to understand output
This chapter needs practice, but once understood, it becomes scoring and confidence-building for exams.
Chapter 6 – Arrays and String Handling (Java)
This chapter helps students manage multiple values and text data in Java programs. Arrays and strings are widely used in ICSE exams, especially in program-based questions. Once students understand the logic, this chapter becomes easy and scoring. Parents can support learning by ensuring students practise small programs regularly.
One-Dimensional (1D) Arrays
An array is used to store many values of the same type using a single name.
In Class 10, only one-dimensional arrays are included.
Example use:
Storing marks of students or numbers in a list.
Basic points to remember:
Array index starts from 0
All values must be of the same data type
Size of the array should be clearly defined
Term
Meaning
Array name
Name given to the list
Index
Position of an element
Length
Total number of elements
Working with Arrays
Students should practise:
Storing values in arrays
Accessing elements using index
Finding sum, highest, or lowest value
Exam tip:
Questions often test logic using loops with arrays.
String Handling in Java
A string is a group of characters. Java provides built-in functions to work with strings easily.
Common string functions taught at this level:
length() – gives total characters
toUpperCase() – converts to capital letters
toLowerCase() – converts to small letters
charAt() – returns a character at a position
Students should know purpose and output, not just names.
Common ICSE Exam Questions
ICSE exams usually ask:
Programs using arrays with loops
Output-based questions on strings
Small programs using string functions
Question Type
Focus Area
Program writing
Logic and structure
Output tracing
Understanding flow
Short answers
Definitions
Study Tips for Students
Practise writing programs on paper
Dry run programs step by step
Avoid syntax mistakes
With practice, this chapter helps students score confidently in programming questions.
Chapter 7 – Ethical Issues & Cyber Safety
This chapter teaches students how to use computers and the internet in a safe and responsible way. Questions from this chapter are usually short and direct, so clear understanding is enough to score marks easily. Parents should discuss these topics with children, as they are important for daily online life.
What Are Ethical Issues?
Ethical issues are related to right and wrong behaviour while using computers and digital devices. Students must understand that technology should be used honestly and responsibly.
Examples of unethical practices:
Copying software illegally
Sharing someone’s personal data without permission
Plagiarism (copying others’ work)
In exams, students are often asked to define cyber ethics or give examples.
Cyber Ethics
Cyber ethics are rules that guide users on how to behave online.
Basic cyber ethics include:
Respect others’ privacy
Use licensed software
Do not spread false information
Follow rules of websites and platforms
Students should remember that ethical behaviour builds trust and safety online.
Cyber Safety
Cyber safety means protecting oneself from online risks.
Common online threats:
Viruses and malware
Phishing emails
Fake websites
Safety Rule
Why It Is Important
Strong passwords
Protects accounts
Avoid unknown links
Prevents hacking
Do not share OTP
Stops fraud
Exam-Focused Points
Questions are mostly 1-2 marks
Definitions should be short and clear
Examples help in better answers
This chapter helps students stay safe online and score easy marks in exams.
How to Study Computer Applications for Class 10 ICSE Exams
Computer Applications is a scoring subject if studied in the right way. Students should focus on understanding concepts and regular practice, not memorising answers. Parents can help by creating a simple study routine and checking daily progress using these exam-oriented computer notes.
Balance Between Theory and Coding
Students should divide study time properly.
Area
Suggested Focus
Theory
40% – definitions, short answers
Programming
60% – logic and practice
Theory helps in understanding concepts, while coding helps in applying them correctly in exams.
How to Practise Programs Effectively
Write programs by hand, not only on computer
Practise basic logic questions regularly
Understand each step of the program flow
Students should avoid memorising code. Logic-based learning gives better results.
Smart Revision Tips Before Exams
Revise one chapter at a time
Practise common programs again
Go through truth tables and number conversions
Read short notes for quick recall
Revision Time
What to Do
1 week before exam
Full syllabus revision
2–3 days before
Program practice
Last day
Quick notes & definitions
Regular practice and calm revision help students feel confident and perform well in ICSE exams.
Common Mistakes Students Make in Computer Applications (Class 10)
Many students lose easy marks in Computer Applications due to small but repeated mistakes. These issues are commonly seen during tests and board exams. Parents should watch for these habits early so they can be corrected in time.
Memorising Without Understanding
Some students try to learn definitions and programs by heart. This creates confusion during exams when questions are slightly changed. Understanding the concept and logic is always more useful than memorising answers.
Ignoring Output-Based Questions
Output questions check how well a student understands program flow. Many students skip practising them, thinking they are difficult. In exams, these questions carry marks and are often simple if practised regularly.
Weak Java Syntax Practice
Small syntax mistakes can change the entire output of a program. Missing brackets, wrong variable names, or incorrect statements are common errors.
Common Mistake
How to Avoid
Wrong brackets
Practise writing code neatly
Spelling errors
Read programs line by line
Missing semicolon
Revise basic rules
Experience-Based Advice
Students who practise daily make fewer mistakes. Regular writing, checking logic, and calm revision help students score better and feel confident in exams.
FAQ’s on ICSE Class 10 Computer Applications
Q. Is Computer Applications compulsory in ICSE Class 10?
Computer Applications is an optional subject in ICSE Class 10, chosen by schools and students. Once selected, it is treated like any other board subject and requires regular study and exam preparation. Parents should confirm subject selection with the school early.
Q. Is Java difficult for Class 10 students?
Java is not difficult at Class 10 level if basics are clear. The syllabus covers simple concepts like variables, conditions, and loops. With regular practice and clear explanations, most students understand Java easily, even without prior coding experience.
Q. How much coding is asked in ICSE exams?
ICSE exams include program-writing and output-based questions. Students are expected to write short, logical programs and understand code flow. The focus is on logic and correctness, not advanced programming or lengthy code.
Q. Are these notes enough for board exams?
These ICSE Computer Applications Class 10 notes are designed for concept clarity and revision. They cover exam-relevant topics clearly. However, students should also practise writing programs and revise school notes for complete exam readiness.
Q. How often should students practice programs?
Students should practise Java programs at least 4–5 times a week. Even 20–30 minutes daily improves logic, reduces mistakes, and builds confidence. Parents can help by setting a fixed practice time at home.
